In progress
Research Line: Memory and Temporalities
Towards a History of the Believable
The project aims to promote research that engages with issues relevant to current historiography, such as reflections on the writing of history – and, by extension, its tension with other literary practices, especially literature.
The project aims to promote research that engages with issues of current historiography, such as reflections on the writing of history – and by extension its tension with other literary practices, especially literature – a history of sensibilities in time, representations of power, the construction of authorities, practices of disciplinary bodies, the regime of production of subjectivities, memory and the social imaginary. We seek to understand the dynamics that make certain practices of belief possible through a historical analysis of their production and consumption.
This also means understanding how a kind of heterology has emerged in modernity, especially with the progressive management of the absent in a discourse that purports to be factual. Hence the attention given to the production of discourses about the ‘other’ – namely
historiographical discourse
– as a way of controlling/grounding the social, of confining it to the limits of what is possible in a given historicity and, above all, of prescribing it. (…)
Professor in charge: Kleiton Moraes
Research line: Culture and Power
Brazilian Writers’ Association
In January 1945, the First Brazilian Writers’ Congress was held in São Paulo, organised by the Brazilian Writers’ Association. The meeting was undeniably political. Among the topics discussed were the fight against facism, the democratisation of culture and creative freedom. The aim of this research is precisely to study the organisation of the Brazilian Writers’ Association, founded in 1942. Our interest is limited to the period between 1942 and 1949, that is, from the time of its foundation (1942) to the election of its executive committee in 1949 and the serious split that resulted. The Congress, held in São Paulo, brought together delegates from different states of Brazil. Ceará was represented by Raquel de Queiroz, Raimundo Magalhães and Herman Lima. More specifically, the aim here is to analyse the participation of these writers in the debates of the Congress, as well as the possible regional repercussions of the meeting.
Professor in charge: Ana Amélia Melo Cavalcante
Culture & Power
Research line of the Postgraduate Programme in Social History at the Federal University of Ceará. This line of research produces knowledge about cultural practices that are constituted in the experience of social relations. It focuses on the experience of subjects as a field of conflicts and tensions, marked by different power tactics and strategies. Working with culture and power involves an attempt to study the historicity of values, customs and ways of life.Understanding that culture is made in the way historically situated subjects live, this line of research includes the study of the production of meaning. In this sense, reflections on the specificity of languages are developed. The studies of languages that have been developed allow us to rethink this relationship between culture and power in the light of the specificities of the social experience in which they are situated. In this sense, the line includes approaches based on reflections on writing, orality and images, considering that these languages and certain issues open up a fruitful field of problematisation for the study of social experiences. It is therefore understood that there are specific demands for the development of interpretive procedures that take into account the places of production and consumption, with emphasis on the historicity of the techniques and materials used in the most diverse forms of cultural expression. It is important to explore the many relationships between orality, writing and images, and the ways in which the boundaries between these manifestations have been constituted in particular circumstances. It is important to work with the multiplicity of configurations of knowledge, not only in institutional or official spaces, but also with the multiplicity of knowledge more closely linked to desires and needs.
Teacher in charge: João Ernani Furtado Filho.
Human Rights Education: Gender and Sexuality in Schools
The Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarship Programme (PIBID) aims to train undergraduate students in new approaches and innovative practices by promoting their contact with public schools from the second to the seventh semester. The PIBID in question brings together 21 history and social science students under the supervision of three public school teachers, with the aim of promoting discussion on issues related to human rights, gender and sexuality in three public high schools in Fortaleza.
Responsible teachers: Ana Rita Fonteles Duarte
Teaching history and school culture
The problem concerns the history of the teaching of history. The research focuses on the historiography of textbooks, the complexity of the relationship between the secular and the religious, the processes of training and selection of history teachers, the programmes and curriculum guidelines proposed, and the ideas and ideals cherished. The chronology includes the moments when the subject was institutionalised at secondary (1838) and academic (1938) levels. The justification is based on the importance of treating the configuration of subjects and their teaching as an object of research. The general objective is to discuss the practice of the historian as a history teacher.
Professors involved: João Ernani Furtado Filho (responsible) & Francisco Régis Lopes Ramos
Between Image and Text: Censorship and Cinema in Brazil (1964-1985)
A study of film censorship during the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil. The research analyses the documentary funds of the DCDP, the Ministry of Justice (SNI), letters from civil society and documents from the National Commission for Morals and Civility. The aim is to analyse censorship as a practice that both prohibits and proposes models of social behaviour. In this study, morality and politics are seen as elements of the same movement, the construction of the enemy and the construction of an ideal proposed by the state.
Teachers involved: Meize Regina de Lucena Lucas (responsible); Ana Rita Fontes Duarte & Jailson Pereira da Silva
Communist Writers (1930-1949)
The project aims to study the actions of communist writers in the 1930-40s through anti-fascist organisations, intellectual associations, participation in congresses and activities in magazines and journals. The aim is to examine how these engaged writers understood their role as intellectuals and mediators in the relationship between culture and politics.
Professor: Ana Amélia de Moura Cavalcante de Melo
(Esc)ritos iniciatórios: manuais de introdução ao officio do historiador
The object of research is the history of history teaching, in its aspects and introductory materials. The general objective is to discuss its practices and didactics as elements of history theory, and the specific objectives are to focus on its historicity and to pay attention to the demands of continuous training and critical reflection. The justification of the proposal is based on the relevance of the objectives themselves. The sources are mainly bibliographical, with more than thirty training manuals such as ‘Introduction to Historical Studies’ or similar: Gervinus (1837), Droysen (1858), Boyce (1884), Freeman (1885), Bernheim (1889), Lacombe (1894), Langlois & Seignobos (1898), Xenopol (1899), Seignobos (1901), Simiand (1903), Brehlier & Du Dézert (1908), Bauer (1921), Harsin (1933), Halphen (1944), Childe (1947), Bloch (posthumous publication, 1949), Hours (1954), Besselaar (1956), Carr (1961), Glénisson (1961), Kahler (1964), Commager (1966), Veyne (1971), Topolski (1973), Rama (1974), Haddock (1980), Cardoso (1981), Pagès (1983), Tosh (1984), Nouschi (1986), Prost (1996), Aróstegui (2001), Aguirre Rojas (2002), Cadiou (2005). This survey is not exhaustive, but it is considered to be representative in its diversity and scope. The chronological section includes the dates of publication of these compendiums and the moments of institutionalisation of the practice of historiography.
The methodology emphasises qualitative aspects and focuses on discourse analysis. Keywords: Historiography, History Theory, Universities.
Professor: João Ernani Furtado Filho
History of Health and Disease in Ceará
The research is based on the concept of visual culture. Images are divided into classical or traditional (painting, drawing and sculpture) and technical (cinema, photography and digital images). Consideration of the importance of the image leads to a discussion of sources, as well as the relationship that each society has with the visual culture of its time. The research focuses on the images constructed about Brazil at different times. The study favours cinematographic, pictorial and photographic images, but also considers the imagery of literature and education.
Professor: Frederico de Castro Neves
History and Visual Culture
Research is based on the concept of visual culture. Images are divided into classical or traditional (painting, drawing and sculpture) and technical (cinema, photography and digital images). Consideration of the importance of the image leads to a discussion of sources, as well as the relationship that each society has with the visual culture of its time. The research focuses on the images constructed about Brazil at different times. The study favours cinematographic, pictorial and photographic images, but also looks at the imagery of literary literature.
Teacher in charge: Meize Regina de Lucena Lucas
History and Documents: Reflections on Historical Sources
The aim is to analyse how historians establish dialogues and meanings with historical documents. The project focuses on how to deal with documents that have not yet been studied by historians (such as advertisements) and the relationship that other documents (such as letters and manuals of conduct) have in formulating strategies for identifying and subjectivising social actors.
Professor: Jailson Pereira da Silva
Men and Women Against the Enemy: The Mobilisation of Gender by the Brazilian Military Dictatorship (1964-1985)
The aim of the project is to study and analyse the ways in which female and male identities were mobilised to support the power project of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964 and 1985), based on the National Security Doctrine, with its characteristics of total and permanent war.
Teacher responsible: Ana Rita Fonteles Duarte
Inventory of modern architecture in Fortaleza (1960-1980): architecture and memory
The project aims to create an inventory of modern architecture in Fortaleza between 1960 and 1980. In recent years, the representative objects of architectural modernity in Fortaleza have been overwhelmingly de-characterised or destroyed. In their place, overnight, new buildings were erected, most of them devoid of any concern for the qualities of good architecture. The reasons for the annihilation of the modernist material underpinnings of memory are manifold. These include the voracious power of capital, property speculation, a lack of awareness of the historical value these buildings have for the city, for urban historiography and for architecture anywhere, and a failure to appreciate the importance of the building’s permanence as a constructed object in the urban space.
The lack of knowledge is linked to the scarcity of information, effectively archived, or simply due to the fact that modernist architecture no longer exists in the city, which reflects the weakness of institutional actions aimed at preserving modern architecture and documenting important data not only for the academic world, but also for the community as a whole. Hence the importance of the Inventory work, of systematising the data. It is only with a comprehensive inventory of modernist architecture that we can objectively learn about its production and act to preserve and conserve the period’s representative objects. The first stage of the Inventory was carried out between 2009 and 2011 at the UFC’s Department of Architecture in partnership with IPHAN-CE.
Teacher responsible: Clóvis Ramiro Jucá Neto
Literature and Society: modernity and social inequality in Brazil
This project seeks to relate the literary achievements (aesthetic resources and thematic appropriations) of Brazilian literature in the 20th century to the great astonishment with which Brazilian intellectuals became aware of the social abyss in the country, our most forceful way of experiencing modernity. In Europe, the perplexities were different: wars on the one hand and industrialisation on the other, devastating the panorama inherited from the 19th century. On both sides, artists, writers and intellectuals tried to grope their way through the disintegrating forms that threatened the dream of the future of both the new country and the old continent.
Professor: Inrenísia Torres de Oliveira
Latin American literature in
Pensamento da América The research aims to analyse the supplement Pensamento da América published by the newspaper A Manhã between 1941 and 1948. It is possible to identify in this supplement a wide dissemination of Latin American writers. The aim of the supplement was to disseminate culture and inform about the politics and social life of the continent, seeking to bring Brazil closer to its neighbours. In this project we sought to investigate what kind of literature and which Latin American writers were mentioned and presented in this important supplement.
We intend to approach the newspaper, and specifically this supplement, as a privileged locus for understanding the importance of the writer in this wartime context. Its study allows us to reflect on the political and cultural dimensions of a generation of intellectuals and the complex political and social dynamics between the years 1941-1948.
Professor: Ana Amélia de Moura Cavalcante de Melo
Killing, salting and sailing: dried meat from Ceará on the Atlantic market (18th century)
The aim of this research is to situate the production and commercialisation of dried meat from Ceará in the context of the colonial market of the Portuguese Empire. We seek to discuss the complex relationship between the production and marketing of dried meat, emphasising its strategic place as a commercial enterprise on the peripheries of the Portuguese Empire. We analyse the commercialisation of jerked beef in the Atlantic slave trade, the supply of colonial markets and the relationships that enabled a complex commercial operation with other captaincies and the colonisation of Ceará from the perspective of the Portuguese Atlantic Empire. We seek to discuss production for the colony’s internal market and to historically understand the conquest of Ceará in the context of the Portuguese imperial Atlantic market.
Teacher responsible: Almir Leal de Oliveira
The NUDOC documentary collection and the production of historical and archival knowledge in Ceará
The collective research project entitled The NUDOC documentary collection and the production of historical and archival knowledge in Ceará, or simply the NUDOC Project (Núcleo de Documentação Cultural/Dept° História UFC), began between February and March 2013 when, at planning meetings and to study texts on the historian’s craft and workshop, we realised the need to get closer and better acquainted with the collection and the purposes of this Centre, considering its interdisciplinary implications (history and archivology), its status as a laboratory for fostering historical learning and for training students and teachers, as well as the uniqueness, originality and provenance of its archive.
Professor: Jailson Pereira da Silva
Organisation of the territorial and urban space of Ceará (17th-19th centuries)
The aim of the research is to analyse the organisation of Ceará’s space in the 18th and 19th centuries as a synthesis of the multiple conditioning factors that make it up. It is an expression of the spatiality of the sertanejo, in its social – economic, political and cultural – and physical dimensions – the dry climate, the caatinga, the arid soil of the sertão and the characteristics of the coast. The study is justified in the first instance by the lack of systematic research into the built materiality of 18th and 19th century Ceará on different scales and dimensions.
The research is based on the assumption that the logic underlying the organisation of the territory, the formation of the urban network as a rosary that spills out onto the ground and the design of towns and cities are inherent in the strategies for recognising, settling and occupying the land. The research has four axes: 1 Analysis of the 18th and 19th century urban network; 2 Study of the design of Ceará’s towns and cities during the 18th and 19th centuries in line with their place in the urban network, looking for links between the conceptual matrices of 18th and 19th century urban planning guidelines and what was actually implemented; 2 The action of the Church; a determining, active agent that in the colony anticipated the very presence of the state. The intention is to map the arrival, trace the entrance, the paths, punctuate the settlement, search for the church representatives involved and give them names; 4 Study of architectural objects as a social manifestation of the occupation and settlement of the territory. Recognising, formally analysing and studying the construction techniques of the state’s main representative buildings: the Town and Prison Houses of the Church and the economy; the main 19th century cattle and agricultural farms and meat markets.
Teacher responsible: Clóvis Ramiro Jucá Neto
Politics, culture and intellectuals
Since the 1990s, political history has been undergoing a serious renewal of objects and methods. This research seeks to reflect, from concrete studies, the norms and values as well as the representations of what has been called political culture. In this sense, we aim to scrutinise the diverse and complex points of contact between the political and the cultural, be it through the political institutions themselves, through the social struggles that incorporate cultural codes and political conduct, or through the representation that intellectuals elaborate about the world of politics and their place in it.
Professor: Ana Amélia de Moura Cavalcante de Melo
Darwinist prospections on the coast of northeastern Brazil: history and biodiversity
The aim of this research is to gather empirical information to emphasise the insertion of the north-northeastern coast of Brazil into the Darwinist debate, especially by analysing the zoological systematics produced by a group of North American naturalists, comparing this production with the systematics produced at the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro and the Emilio Goeldi Museum of Pará. The references of this object are found in the naturalist descriptions produced by the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil, 1899 and the Stanford Expedition to Brazil, 1911
These expeditions were coordinated by John Casper Branner, a geologist who worked for a long time with zoologists David Starr Jordan and Vernon Kellogg at Stanford University. They worked with models of species variation and their scientific practices included a variety of natural history methods, such as biogeographic records, systematic taxonomy (species distribution laws), ecological perspectives and group research (geology and biology). These expeditions documented the biogeography of marine life in order to understand the place of isolation in the divergence of the characteristics of species separated by natural barriers. The taxonomy developed by these studies involved knowledge that associated the models of ancient natural history practices with modern biological field practices. This type of field research integrated descriptive (morphological) activities with qualitative research models. Today, the results of these expeditions are reflected in various scientific institutions in the United States, including biological collections and bibliographies. These results are important biological records of Brazilian biodiversity and are relevant Darwinist scientific works produced by these expeditions in a period considered to be the eclipse of Darwinist theory.
Thus, we seek to analyse these references as a whole, emphasising how scientific practices and historical documents together recorded Brazilian zoology. The research also aims to compare these natural records with the practice of taxonomic systematics produced by Brazilian institutions in the same period. My intention is to position these works, natural data and their results in the contemporary debate on conservation biology, especially in relation to the evolutionary issues of the Brazilian coast. Studying the taxonomy of these collections and organising this data is a way of re-situating historical data as a contribution to conservation studies and the history of the development of evolutionary biology.
Professor: Almir Leal de Oliveira
Stanford Expedition to Brazil (1911): history and science
The purpose of this research is to analyse the Stanford Expedition to Brazil in 1911, coordinated by geologist John Casper Branner, with a view to highlighting the important role it played in Brazilian scientific progress, especially with regard to the biological and natural sciences in Brazil, notably the tropical rainforest and the Brazilian semi-arid region.The proposed route for the trip was the north-east of Brazil and the Amazon region. Branner wanted to gather data on Brazilian geology to complete his Geological Map of Brazil. From Rio Grande do Norte to Pará, he aimed to find details of the geological formation, exploring the coastal formation and making incursions into the hinterland. From Rio Grande do Norte to Bahia, also along the coast, his aim was to make collecting trips to complement the data from his previous trips as a member of the Geological Commission, with special attention to the formation of the corals of the Brazilian North-South coast and the geology of the state of Bahia. In the Amazon he wanted to investigate sea currents and the migration of marine fauna, as well as building collections and sending them to Stanford University to strengthen his Brasiliana, which he had been accumulating since his first contacts with the country. Branner’s aim was to encourage Stanford students to develop basic science. Knowledge of the areas of the globe was also one of his concerns, i.e. university
Professor: Antônio Gilberto Ramos Nogueira
Memory and gender in 20th century Brazil
The project seeks to discuss the use of gender in the construction, dispute and use of memories that are constituted in the historicity of social relations. It is therefore understood that the relationships between gender games and memory work occur in specific circumstances and involve a variety of power practices, both in the institutional sphere and in everyday inventions.
Teacher responsible: Ana Rita Fonteles Duarte
Memory and heritage: participatory inventory by the communities of the Médio Jaguaribe
In observance of the negative consequences of implementing the Ceará State Water Resources Policy and the Açudagem Policy in the Northeast, expressed, among others, in the construction of dams, this extension action’s main mission is to serve the rural communities of the municipalities of Alto Santo, Ererê, Iracema, Pereiro and Potiretama, a region directly and indirectly impacted by the construction of the Figueiredo Dam, with special attention to the communities of the Caatinga Grande.
Professor: Mário Martins Viana Júnior
Heritage and Local History: inventory of references in the Benfica neighbourhood (Fortaleza-Ce)
In the process of resemanticising the concept of heritage, the notion of cultural reference brings with it the idea of values and meanings that we attribute to certain cultural goods and practices. In the new memory policies, the centrality that inventories have come to occupy is notorious. As instruments of identification, they have made it possible to map and recognise, through recording, the referential values of social identities in their dynamic nature. They have acted as a kind of cartography of the senses, a source of knowledge where it is possible to locate the terms of the relationship that individuals and groups establish between past/present and why not future? in understanding the uses and appropriations of cultural heritage. In line with the current context of Brazilian cities, inventories, when applied in urban situations, are a valuable instrument for preservationist practice and an important tool for expanding historical knowledge. In this sense, there has been a broad movement towards the appropriation of this resource by cultural institutions, community associations, universities, schools, etc., with a view to supporting heritage education and promoting the valorisation of local memories and histories. It is in this movement that the relevance of the project Heritage and local history: Inventory of local references is justified.
Professor: Antônio Gilberto Ramos Nogueira
Rio Jaguaribe: history, memory and landscape
This research project aims to interpret, in the dialogue between history and other sciences, the various connections between the Rio Jaguaribe and the landscape that it constitutes at the same time as it is constituted by it. It is a research project based on the formation of a research group with undergraduate and postgraduate students and social movements on the life of the River Jaguaribe and the River Jaguaribe in its most diverse connections with historical reflection, whether from the oral memory of riverside populations or reflections on the memory of the landscape in the face of the nature/culture binomial.
Professor: Kênia Sousa Rios
Temporalities of memory: writings, orality and material culture
By problematising temporalities and the workings of memory, the project develops research into the ways in which orality, writing and material culture are constituted as historically located mnemonic devices. It is therefore an approach to the social production of culture as part of the agreements and tensions that, from a given present, form links with the past and the future.
Professor: Francisco Régis Lopes Ramos
Line of
Research: Labour and Migration
The citadel of the poor: direct actions by drought retreatants in Fortaleza (1877-1915)
The research seeks to examine the role of poor peasants retreating from the droughts in search of better living conditions in the city of Fortaleza between 1877 and 1915. Through haemographic, notarial, police and other sources, it seeks to highlight the presence of these social subjects in their subjective and political aspects. The research focuses on periods when droughts disorganise the family economy, causing these peasants to move throughout the territory and to the cities, seeking to re-establish traditional protection networks and, at the same time, creating new political mechanisms to put pressure on the authorities and the powerful.
Professor(s) involved: Frederico de Castro Neves & Tyrone Apollo Pontes Candido
Entre mar e terra: as viagens e o cotidiano de pescadores do litoral do Ceará (1951-1973)
The project examines the journeys and political strategies of Ceará
‘s jangadeiros between the 1950s and 1970s, which continued the journey that took place in 1941, when they were received by Vargas. In 1951, they were again received by Vargas; in 1958, they were received by Juscelino Kubistchek; and in 1973, they were received by Médici. Between celebrations and tributes, the fishermen managed to put forward demands relating to fishing work and the conquest of social rights.
Professor: Berenice Abreu de Castro Neves
Social History of Football in Ceará
The project seeks to understand the various activities linked to the formation of a football culture in Ceará, based on the methodology of Oral History, including the following aspects: 1) professional players and their involvement with the club, managers and fans; 2) fans and cheerleaders; 3) amateur or weekend players; 4) journalists.
Teacher responsible: Frederico de Castro Neves
Memories of communities impacted by irrigation perimeters in Ceará
Following the guidelines of the Minimal State and neoliberal policies, federal, state and municipal governments have aligned their policies to promote, through agencies such as DNOCS, the construction of dams and irrigated perimeters for the advancement of agribusiness in the state. The environmental and human impact of these actions has taken on regrettable and immeasurable proportions, including the dissolution of farming communities, the disqualification of small farmers and the profound transformation of traditional ways of life. In this sense, the proposed extension activity seeks to preserve the memory and value the local history of rural working men and women whose lives have been transformed by agricultural modernisation policies in Ceará. To this end, we have opted for oral history methods because we believe that oral sources are of fundamental importance for understanding the changes that communities have undergone. In addition, we will make progress in updating databases on Ceará’s peasant populations, as well as promoting the spatialisation of their past experiences through the construction of ‘conjectural maps’. Once the data activity has been completed, the action will continue in three directions: i – the production of informative and didactic materials to be used in schools in the affected regions and disseminated on social networks; i – the feeding of the database of information on the peasant populations of Ceará.
In general, the aim is to guarantee farmers’ right to memory and, therefore, to contain the social amnesia produced about the semi-arid region of Ceará.
Professor: Mário Martins Viana Júnior
Memories and identity dynamics of black people in post-abolitionist Ceará
The ultimate aim of our project is defined in relation to these elements: to contribute – through the critical evaluation of a historiography that provided the basis for the hegemonic racial discourse (to be ‘deconstructed’) in Ceará, the analysis of the narratives, testimonies and memories of the descendants of free blacks and slaves from the 19th century and the mapping of these current black ‘territories’ – to the recognition of the important contribution of black segments to Ceará society and the legitimacy of the movements that are striving today to make other consciousnesses possible.
Teacher responsible: Franck Pierre Giberto Ribard
Fortaleza African Film Festival
Considering the recurring difficulty in accessing information and educational material on the subject of contemporary Africa, relating this difficulty to the content of Law 10.639 of 2003 (regulating the compulsory teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture at all levels of education) and, finally, postulating the fundamental interest represented by the question of the historical and organic relationship? between Brazil and the African continent when related to the ethno-racial problems of Ceará and Brazil, then the Mostra de Cinema Africano de Fortaleza, free and aimed at the academic community and civil society in general, made up of unpublished films addressing the African reality from a thematic point of view, finds a meaning that is not only academic but above all cultural and socio-political. The Mostra has been held annually at the UFC since 2007. Since 2012, in partnership with UNILAB.
Responsible Professor: Franck Pierre Giberto Ribard
For an Agrarian History in Ceará: memories and rural conflicts around the policies of irrigation and damming projects between the late 20th and early 21st centuriesTo investigate the peasant populations in the state of Ceará that have been impacted by major projects implemented by both public authorities and private capital, such as irrigated perimeters and dams. OBJECTIVES GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To promote a social history of agriculture, property and population movements in the semi-arid region of Ceará between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, based on the interventions promoted or carried out by the state and private capital, centralising the agrarian question and the memory of rural communities. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. Identify and analyse the memories and experiences of women and men workers from the semi-arid region of Ceará who were impacted by the policies of modernisation of agriculture in Ceará, expressed in the construction of Dams and Irrigated Perimeters; 2. Preserve, conserve and disseminate the memories of ordinary rural people, valuing local history; 3. Identify and understand the processes of expulsion, dispossession and expropriation of land; 4. Research the forms of resistance and daily struggles, as well as knowledge, ways of doing things and customs; 5. Investigate and analyse the relations and conceptions and uses of land by different groups, the processes of exploitation, territorial conflicts, among other elements that make up a rural social history in Ceará; 6. Historicise the construction and implementation of public policies on irrigation and damming
